Terres à briques du Congo : Evaluation des propriétés géotechniques

Raymond Gentil Elenga

Résumé


Les constructions en terre crue, notamment dans les zones rurales sont parmi les moins onéreuses tout en ayant un faible impact écologique. Leur durabilité dépend des propriétés géotechniques du sol utilisé et du respect des règles architecturales de base. Elles sont donc une voie pour réduire le grand déficit en logements viables que connaissent la plupart des pays en développement. A cette fin, les propriétés géotechniques de douze sols utilisés au Congo pour la fabrication artisanale des briques en terre ont été déterminées et confrontées aux normes en la matière. Il en ressort que la teneur en argile des sols est supérieure au maximum autorisé (30%) par la plupart des normes, alors que la teneur en sable est proche du minimum autorisé. Cependant, ces sols ont de bonnes propriétés de moulage et une plasticité appropriée pour la confection des briques en terre. Pour corriger l’excès en argile et limiter le risque de fissuration au séchage, des fibres végétales ou du sable pourraient être incorporés à ces sols.


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